Either highly enriched uranium (HEU) or plutonium is needed to construct a nuclear weapon. With regard to non-proliferation, HEU has many disadvantages in comparison to plutonium: It is more easily diverted, smuggled and hidden, and a nuclear explosive made of HEU can be constructed more simply. Hence, it is desirable to replace all uses of HEU with other materials and to cease all HEU production. Various projects have already produced promising results which indicate this ambition could be achieved. But in order to make further progress, international consensus and commitment are indispensable. The international community and the Federal Republic of Germany would be well advised to push much harder for a ban on HEU production, including for naval fuel.