AI is one of the most disruptive technologies of our era, significantly transforming nearly every aspect of human life. This book examines the impact of AI on international affairs from interdisciplinary, cross-sectoral, and interregional perspectives, focusing on both the European Union and Latin America. It explores philosophical debates on concepts such as consciousness, ethics, and human uniqueness, offering a framework for assessing the risks and benefits of AI for humanity. The evolving landscape is also giving rise to new rights, including NeuroRights, which expand upon existing human rights. Additionally, the book analyses the EU AI Act and its implications for human rights in the digital age. This publication is a collaborative effort between university scholars and international experts, developed within the research group "EU & Ethics Governance of the Artificial Intelligence" led by the Institute of European Studies and Human Rights at the Pontifical University of Salamanca.