This book shows a glimpse into the dialogue in and with Palestine, the place where the relation of state and religion, and specially the question of identity of the people is fundamental. The book developed out of the 4th Intercultural Conference of the International Center of Bethlehem that was held from Aug 26th until Sept 1st, 2007 under the title “God’s Reign and People’s Rule: Religious Communities, Political Entities and Civil Societies in Palestine”. The conference covered a wide thematic range and is part of an ongoing process. The present book focuses on the two main fields that were discussed at the conference and tries to assemble the variety of contributions to these fields. The Palestinians are on a long way to an own state. Every mark on this way seems in the same time the nearest and far-off to an establishment of a state.