This book discusses the role of knowledge in European transformation under a regional perspective. Starting out with a critical appraisal of ‘knowledge’, ‘knowledge economy’ and ‘knowledge society’ as theoretical concepts the book pursues the regional and cross-border context of knowledge. Its empirical focus is on the Alps-Adriatic cross-border region in Central Europe with some international comparisons. Here the dense fabric of knowledge in regional societies is demonstrated. Awareness of the importance of regions in socio-economic development is raised.