What is the connection between law and justice in the literature of the Ancient Near East? Does justice always need the writing of laws? And what is the true purpose of the law collections of the Ancient Near East and of the Bible? To take the case of the Hammurapi code, does it represent an authentic legal text, or a work of royal propaganda, or rather a collection of case laws? The volume edited by Olivier Artus gathers together conferences given on the occasion of two international colloques at the Catholic University of Paris (2010 and 2011) about this field of law and justice. The articles lead an investigation about the questions concerned from the legal texts of the Ancient Near East, particularly from the Mesopotamian literature, and from the biblical legal texts, as well as from the wisdom biblical literature. The different studies try to set the legal texts in their historical situation and in the context of the political and theological debates of their time.