The growing awareness of the current climate crisis has led to an increased interest in the investigation of historical human-environment interactions. In this context, the microregion has proven to be a significant category for ecological, socio-economic and cultural analyses. Within the framework of the microregion, it is possible to reconstruct the functioning of complex socio-ecological systems. The present volume offers a collection of papers held in 2022 at a workshop organized by the project »The Transformation of the Pergamon Micro-Region between the Hellenistic and the Roman Imperial Period«. The interdisciplinary contributions refect on micro-regions as spaces of socioecological interaction on a theoretical, methodological and empirical level. They convey the current state of knowledge for various regions of the Mediterranean and reveal perspectives for future research.