This volume brings together in part previously unpublished articles from the major research areas of Otto Gerhard Oexle, the longstanding Director of the Max Planck Institute of History in Göttingen. His fundamental epistemological contributions concerning his understanding of history as historical cultural science deeply influenced the international research landscape and are thus put at the beginning of this volume. The other articles go from his thoughts and writings on memoria and cultural memory, to his understanding of the term “Stand” (class) in Medieval Europe as well as his research on the binding values and structures of social groups in society.