This volume has as its subject reflections on religious affiliation in the theory of law, political constitutions and the reality of law in Eastern Europe. How did parliamentary representations, religious communities, scholars and writers imagine an ethnically as well as religiously heterogenous society? How did changes in power affect the life and the institutions of the various religious communities? On which levels did religious law, enlightened reason and state law compete against each other? How was ethnic and religious coexistence conceived theoretically and enacted locally? The contributions to this volume, presenting the outcome of an international conference held in Lviv, discuss these questions from the perspectives of historical, anthropological, legal and literary sciences.