This book is divided into three parts: Part A includes general items of development of PESS in Europe. Part B comprises 17 different country reviews all written by national experts. Part C documents comparative analyses of the country reviews about national school systems; development of compulsory PESS; aims and objectives of current PESS curricula; promotion of active learning with physical activity; extra-curricular settings at school and outside schools in collaboration with active communities; purpose, structure, aims, and objectives of PESS teacher training; current research and findings of PESS studies; and finally, recommendations for new EU-based PESS research studies.