What do the Vasa, the Mona Lisa, a Norwegian stave church and a Russian icon from 1912 have in common? As objects with invaluable cultural importance, they all are central to the empirical and engineering research performed in the field of cultural heritage preservation. With topics ranging from the risk assessment of the storage of objects to the analysis of the object’s internal structure with the intent of understanding its damage-causing mechanisms, this research field has witnessed considerable development since the 2000s. This book provides timely insights into the current state of research by presenting a curation of nine articles by leading scientists.