This book investigates the sanctuaries of Lucania in Italy with a focus on a critical discussion of the evidence published so far. This results in a subdivision into sanctuaries of coastal Greek settlements and their chorai on the one hand and inland sanctuaries without Greek ritual practice or architecture on the other hand. The coastal sanctuaries were built during city foundation in the 6th/5th century B.C. and equipped with monumental cult buildings and ritual precincts with altars, bothroi, bases for precious offerings, and sometimes columned halls. In the 4th century B.C. a reorganisation away from Archaic peripteroi towards temples in a Roman-republican style with a frontal conception and a podium, but without a temenos often occurred. The ritual sites in the chorai of these towns were rather short-lived and were sometimes deserted by sealing them with stone cairns in the 3rd century B.C. Inland sanctuaries consisted of either a square central building with hearths or small sacred zones within larger buildings, in both cases without altars or bothroi, but with numerous animal bones, cooking pots, and table wares. Therefore, this closed type of architecture probably served for ritual banqueting.