The Neogene Cypraeidae of Indonesia, with a focus on Java, are revised. The generic assignment of seventy taxa relevant to this study are evaluated. The generic assignments of twenty-two taxa are changed. Three names fall into synonymy, and fourteen have to be considered nomina dubia. Lectotypes are designated for four species from their type lots. Thirty-four new species and one new genus are described from the Neogene of Java, following an extensive collecting effort conducted at more than thirty different sites in central and western Java. The genus Barycypraea and the difficulties of evaluating its taxa are discussed. All holotypes that could still be traced are illustrated, many of them for the first time, and a total of four hundred specimens are shown in detail.