Freedom is a key category of concepts of God and men in modern philosophy and theology. In German idealism of the 17th and 18th centuries as well in 20th-century theologies, different concepts of libertarianism between determinism and compatilism were presented. The first to forge a libertarian concept of freedom was Origen of Alexandria. The volume aims at discussing modern ideas of freedom against the backdrop of the paths of thinking which were opened up by Origen in late antiquity.