The book contains the latest results of the research on the foundations of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), done by Professor Wallner from Vienna and a group of leading TCM specialists. The research on TCM does not deal with single medical concepts, but concentrates on its foundations, the structure and form of this medical science. It discusses the relation of TCM and Western Medicine, a concept of science, their peculiarities and differences, the problems of a thoughtless mixture. The book mainly presents five lectures by Professor Wallner about his latest research on the structure of TCM. Additionally, the book contains contributions from TCM specialists as Zhang Weibo, Lan Feng-Li, and Günter Gunia.