This publication takes a look at the current state of equal opportunities between men and women in the labour market in the 10 post-Soviet states which are candidates for membership in the EU and the Russian Federation. The articles are from high-ranking experts from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, the International Labour Office and the United States of America and give a systematic look at each country. They also include specialists’ insights into several aspects of women’s employment and as far as possible provide a view of the social and professional situation of highly qualified women in Eastern Europe. This publication will be of interest to experts from different interest groups and research areas.