Many people in the USA, but also in Germany self-identify as “spiritual” or say „I am more spiritual than religious.“ But what exactly is the meaning of “spirituality”? What are the psychological and biographical underpinnings of preferences for this self-identification? Barbara Keller and Heinz Streib answer these questions with reference to results of the Bielefeld-based Cross-cultural Study on “Spirituality” – with focus on the German participants. The authors present qualitative and quantitative results that are relevant for researchers as well as for people working in education, counseling, churches and the media.