This book presents recent achievements in interdisciplinary history of geological studies as well as new perspectives on the development of geological concepts. There is the substantive conceptual aspect, as the regional history of geology in and about Armenia and its uniqueness allow us to point out essential core lines of the history of earth sciences as a discipline in general. For instance, topics such as Noah's Ark and the Flood imply the relations to several phases of the history of geology from the early modern period to the twenty century. The volume brings up a wide spectrum of geological contents: it includes different concepts, cultures and topics of geological debate including diluvialism, antropomorphic approaches, cave studies, volcanology, racial science, alpinism, the Continental Drift, earthquake studies and petroleum research. Some of the contributions are based on cultural knowledge perspectives, some are interested in biographical research, others see history of geology through the lens of geologists.