This book shows how, after iconoclasm in Dutch Calvinist churches, text decoration evolved into an innovative form of visual culture, and was used to transform church spaces to accommodate Reformed worship. Beyond evident and major changes a story of continuity unfolds, witnessed by the pre-Reformation roots of designs and spatial arrangements of texts displayed in churches. The present study is based on a comprehensive inventory of text panels and text paintings installed in churches throughout the Dutch provinces between ca. 1575 and 1800. A wider exploration around the North Sea reveals continued and renewed connections alongside the rupture brought about by the Reformation: commonly used text decoration took different forms according to the liturgical and dogmatic requirements of the Church of England, Danish-Norwegian Lutheranism, and both the Lutheran and Calvinist traditions in north-western Germany.