The ‹Analytica posteriora‹ (Posterior Analytics) represent the Aristotelian theory of science. The text is often abstruse and was seldom commented on in antiquity. In a way, Philoponus‹s commentary summarizes the entire interpretation of the text in antiquity. The commentary however was even less well known in the Arabic and Latin languages of the Middle Ages than it was in antiquity. The Renaissance discovered Philoponus's commentary, thus making an important contribution to the revolutionary development in the theory of science, which took place in the 16th century.