By establishing a „Conseil national de la Justice“ and a „Cour suprême“, the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg is facing a substantial reform of its organisation of the judiciary. In June 2013 these changes were discussed at a conference at the Max Planck Institute Luxembourg for International, European and Regulatory Procedural Law. This conference book serves as the basis for further debate in the ongoing reform process. It serves as a comparative study on the organisation of the judiciary in other Member States, raising the issues of judicial independence, accountability and efficiency. With contributions by: Remo Caponi, Georgios Dimitropoulos, Rusen Ergec, Leny de Groot-van Leeuwen, Burkhard Hess, Luc Heuschling, Sevérine Menétrey, Christos Rozakis, Anja Seibert-Fohr, Marcel Storme, Sophie Turenne, Stefaan Voet.