In order to shed light on the complex relationships between language(s) and conflict(s) and, in so doing, to contribute to the necessary expansion of the research field into language conflicts, the present volume addresses a broad spectrum of questions and issues regarding language politics and language situations in connection with language conflicts in multilingual societies in Eastern Europe. Most notably, this volume is a combination of theoretical and methodological considerations with elaborate empirical research in the form of mass surveys or focus group discussions. Accordingly, the present volume consists of a methodological-theoretical introduction to linguistic conflict research followed by three thematic sections on language interactions, language politics, and language situations in multilingual societies in Eastern Europe. This book is the second volume presenting the results of an international sociolinguistic project comparing bi- and multilingual situations in present-day Ukraine and Russia. This trilateral project was funded by the Volkswagen Foundation (2016–2019) within the framework of its funding programme Trilateral Partnerships – Cooperation Projects between Scholars and Scientists from Ukraine, Russia, and Germany. This volume presents the contributions to the project’s concluding conference in Giessen in 2019.