The 18th International Senckenberg Conference (VI International Palaeontological Colloquium, Weimar) Late Neogene and Quaternary biodiversity and evolution: Regional developments and interregional correlations was hosted by the Senckenberg Research Unit of Quaternary Palaeontology Weimar on April 25 to 30, 2004. This conference was dedicated to Hans-Dietrich Kahlke, one of the senior distinguished leaders of interdisciplinary Quaternary palaeontological research in Eurasia. 165 participants from 28 countries presented talks on current topics highlighting results of their research on the evolutionary history of European, Asian, African and American Late Neogene and Quaternary floras and faunas. Scientific problems from the whole northern hemisphere as well as from key regions of the southern hemisphere were discussed. The papers of the conference are included in two special proceedings volumes, of which this is the second. This is the second of the two volumes. It includes 24 papers. The first part comprises results on regional studies from Europe, Asia and America covering most current areas of quaternary research. These include climatic change and biotic respones, biostratigraphy, paleoenvironmental conditions during the Quaternary, mammals, Quaternary vegetation, magnetostratigrapic-biostratigraphic correlation and Quaternary megafaunal extinctions.