Poland’s accession to the EU in 2004 created new challenges and opportunities for its transport service firms operating within the framework of the EU Single Market. This book evaluates the market structure in the Polish road, maritime, rail and air transport sectors and compares them to other EU countries, using both sectorial and firm-level data. Despite infrastructural underinvestment in most transport sectors, Poland enjoys a strong competitive position in supplying international road and rail cargo services, but the modernization of transport infrastructure remains a major challenge.