Jesus and his first followers were Jews who never intended to form a new religion apart from Judaism. The so called "parting of the ways" between Jews and Christians was long and by no means monolinear. Rather, it was a complex process that stretched over five hundred years, occurring in different places at different speeds and under a variety of circumstances. Highlighting the pluriformity of early Judaism (300 BCE - 200 CE) in its political, sociological, economic, and religious implications, this book shows that what we today call the "beginnings of Christianity" was in fact an integral part of multifaceted Judaism. Erratum: p.4: As stated at the top of the page the text is available under the license CC BY-NC 4.0, therefore "All rights reserved (c) W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart" has to be deleted.