The growing together of the European labour markets proves to be a genuine challenge for education, particularly for VET-systems. VET-systems have to provide future employees with the necessary qualifications that they are well equipped for flexibility, mobility and challenges of international cooperation on the labour market. If today’s VET-systems are able to impart these key qualifications is unknown. Therefore, the German Government (BMWA) initiated a feasibility study on VET – modelled on the basis of PISA research studies. The concept of a PISA for vocational education and training presented in this book was developed by leading international experts in the field. It shows how a measuring of expertise and competence is actually possible. It describes the criteria to be used for the evaluation of training programs, and discusses how the efficiency of different learning places are to be evaluated. This study explores the conditions and processes necessary for an improvement of vocational education and training in the participating countries. It thereby provides a significant contribution for the political debate, but also for the academic discussion, for instance on the establishing of a European system of VET.