A complex variety of factors affect linear growth, weight gain, and body composition, with nutrition being one of the most important contributors. However, the mechanisms through which nutrition affects growth is not completely understood. This publication focuses on the interplay between nutrients and the endocrine system via manuscripts describing different clinical conditions and diagnoses covering various aspects of nutrition and growth. As in the previous volumes of the Nutrition and Growth Yearbook, an international group of experts in nutrition and growth selected limited number of significant peer-reviewed papers that were published between July 2021 and June 2022. All of the papers are supplemented with editorial comments which aim to serve as “food for thought”. This publication provides an important contribution in examining the relationship between nutrients and the endocrine system. The authors hope that their selections and comments will increase the interest among healthcare providers and researchers in the field and lead to more research in this area.