This 1572 edition of the ›Dialecticae libri duo‹ is the last and most influentical of Petrus Ramus (Peter Ramus) works. In the tradition of Agricola, it provides an introduction to the Ciceronian topos and reflects on the extent to which systematic instructions for reaching a judgment are possible. Drawing on the literary classics (Virgil, Ovid und Cicero), it is a stylistic sign of the dissociation from the Scholastic tradition. Although Ramus does deal with formal elements of Aristotelian logic, he does so with a special method which allowed Ramism to become the the counter-concept to Aristotelian Scholastic philosophy in the 16th and 17th century. This edition makes this pivotal text of Ramism available once again, along with a new translation and introduction.