This monograph focuses on reflective exploration of the contemporary approach to management and organizational humanism, and its dilemmas, mainly in Poland but referred to the international works devoted to management science. An increased mindfulness in the life of the man of the 21st century, postulated in social sciences, cannot be omitted in management processes. Its role therein is not only to solve problems, but to lead to conscious examination of the nature and substance of phenomena, to deepened considerations of the conditions and consequences of the preached ideas, the opinions expressed, and the actions taken. These issues are among those poorly recognized in the world literature, and this monograph attempts to address them to some extent.