The spiritual care provided by representatives of religious communities in public institutions, known as chaplaincy, is an increasingly important topic of scientific treatises. Spiritual care refers to the spiritual assistance provided by religious communities and their members. This support is offered in various sectors including the military, police, prison system, health care, social services, education, fire brigades, as well as to victims of crime and disasters, asylum seekers and other areas. This monograph focuses on these aspects of spiritual care in detail. It is written by leading experts in the field of religion law from nine member states of the European Union. It is published as part of a prestigious publication series Kirche und Recht – Beihefte, as the second volume of the publication of the same name from 2019. In the period from 2019 to 2024, significant changes in legislation and application practices occurred in the nine countries covered by this publication. All contributions in this volume focus on these changes.