The papers in this volume are the fruits of a conference on the priestly strata of the Pentateuch that took place in Vienna in the summer of 2007. The conference brought together scholars from Europe, North America, and Israel, and revealed the diversity of contemporary views on the nature of the priestly material. The essays in this volume cover a wide range of critical issues, including the question of the extent to which a view of P as a consistent and unified whole can still be defended, criteria for determining literary strata within the priestly material, evaluation of models for understanding these strata, and a discussion about the existence of the Holiness Code and its relationship to P. Contributors include Joel Baden, David Bernat, Erhard Blum, Simeon Chavel, William Gilders, Tamar Kamionkowski, Christophe Nihan, Eckart Otto, Thomas Römer, Baruch Schwartz, Sarah Shectman, and Jeffrey Stackert.