‘Vikings’ seem familiar to everyone. Recent research has produced new insights on a variety of aspects concerning the multifaceted use of the term. These were discussed at the conference ‘Vikings! – Vikings? Towards a responsible use of the term “Viking”’ from 4th to 6th October 2022 in Schleswig. This volume collects almost all lectures given at the conference, with some additional contributions. The book’s key interest is to combine the insight provided by archaeological and historical sources on the activity of ‘Vikings’ in early medieval Europe with the subsequent use and understanding of these sources in later centuries until the present day. The contributions discuss the concept and reception of the terms ‘Viking Age’ and ‘Vikings’ in different eras as well as their development and adaptations along with their misuse in the context of ideological and political appropriation.