Preface In 1928 Thomas Barbour lamented „It seems wicked and sinful in this day and generation to describe new species of Eleutherodactylus and ist ally Syrrhophus.“ After all Eleutherodactylu and ist allies amounted to 126 species in Nieden´s checklist published in 1923. By 1963 the number of species had grown to 320 (Gorham, 1966) and to 523 in 1992 (Duellman, 1993). Now more than 800 species are recognized (Hedges et al., 2008a), who provided the first modern comprehensive phylogeny and classification of this group of frogs that they termed „Terrarana“. All Peruvian Terrarana are members oft the family of Strabomantidae. …