In the last few decades, scholarship’s interest in Presocratic philosophy has concentrated more and more on its reception in antiquity (and beyond). The present volume follows this research approach and attempts, thanks to the contributions of various scholars, to investigate some of the most significant topics in the field of Presocratic philosophy, poetry, and doxography. The title recalls Aristotle’s famous definition of Presocratics as φυσιολόγοι, but its content goes beyond questions strictly connected to the investigation of nature. For this reason, the volume is divided into two parts: the first part is properly devoted, on the one hand, to the doxographical and literary questions raised by the Presocratics, and, on the other, to their philosophical reception in antiquity; the second part explores the scientific and epistemological problems they tackle, with some additional references to the field of ethics.