Social inequality - but in particular also social resistance against corresponding social hierarchies - occupies a prominent position in almost all current societies. In order to continue to advance in the tradition of addressing necessary discourses on these topics in archaeology, two scientific meetings were held in Kiel in 2014 and 2015, specifically: "The Archaeology of Rebellion" and "Social Inequality as a Topic in Archaeology”: The topic of social resistance was discussed for the first time in Europe for prehistoric and protohistoric societies. As a result, it could be clearly determined that the identification of social conflicts and social resistance is successful for many archaeological case studies. Accordingly, the interpretation of numerous archaeological contexts must be seen in a new light.