Peter Lombard’s Sentences reveal, in the context of the theological discussions of the first half of the twelfth century, the original contribution of their author, developed in the path of his life and education from Novara to Paris. The present volume examines this work with regard to the doctrine of the Eucharist. Its theological presentation is carried out against the background of Peter Lombard’s whole project in comparison with contemporary authors. The philosophical foundations of his thought are also considered. This opens up new approaches to the entire Sentences. Specifically, it is shown that Peter Lombard does not frame the Eucharist in an abstract doctrine of transubstantiation, but rather connects questions of the Eucharistic presence and the conversion of the gifts in an original way with the dynamic of salvation history. In all that, the Master of the Sentences preserves the meaning of theology as an existential search for the final goal of human existence. This also echoes the practice of scholarship in the abbey school of Saint Victor, and thus the first steps of Peter Lombard in Paris.