The present research deals with the policies directed at young adults on social assistance without vocational training (YAS). Drawing on data collected within cantonal administrations and providers of integration (Basel-City and Geneva) as well as interviews with YAS, the publication analysis cantonal social policies and their moral underpinnings. In Switzerland, there is an ongoing strategical shift in the field of youth policies that emphasizes educational integra- tion as a first and primary integration step. This policy shift has implications for the strategical scope of the cantons. The focus on “education first” as a guideline dictates an approach, which follows an intertwined neo-liberal and paternalistic discourse: On the one hand, social policies are designed as investment to avoid a long-term labour market exclusion of the YAS. On the other hand, these policies are legitimized via narratives that construct the YAS as irresponsible and dependent – not yet ready to enter adulthood. In doing so, social policies create and reproduce structural vulnerabilities related to dominant moral values like reinforcing the work ethics of young welfare beneficiaries.